Mohit SQl server Administration

Help! I have -2, -3, or -4 Session ID!


We can kill a session by using KILL command. However, KILL command requires a positive number; executing KILL with negative number returns an error:

Msg 6101, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Session ID -4 is not valid.

In order to kill the session ID, you need to find the unit of work (UOW) guid.

SELECT DISTINCT(request_owner_guid) AS UOW
  FROM sys.dm_tran_locks
 WHERE request_session_id IN (-2,-3,-4)

Now you can kill this using UOW:

KILL 'D5499C66-E398-45CA-BF7E-DC9C194B48CF'

Like all normal transactions, killing a session causes any work performed by it to be rolled back to bring the database back into consistent state.

The negative session ID are orphaned or stuck sessions that SQL Server; they are rare occurrences. Most often the only one I have seen is -2; what do they mean?

Session ID Description
-2 The blocking resource is owned by an orphaned distributed transaction.
-3 The blocking resource is owned by a deferred recovery transaction.
-4 Session ID of the blocking latch owner could not be determined due to internal latch state transitions.

Reference: Books Online, sys.sysprocesses (Transact-SQL)

This post is cross posted on my SQLCAN Blog, MSDN Blog, and SQL server Consultation blog.

Mohit Performance MSSQL

Dissecting SQL Server Execution Plans


I remember my days before, Microsoft SQL Server PFE.  I wanted to learn everything and know everything about SQL Server.  However, getting hold of good resources was tough, as I didn’t have any mentor when I started down my journey to becoming a SQL Server Database Administrator. 

Along the way I did pick up lots of books and references.  One of such books is Dissecting SQL Server Execution Plans. 

I read this book before becoming PFE, I read this now, and I recommend everyone read this book more then once. 

Grant Fritchey (Blog|Twitter) wrote the book back in 2008; I would still recommend take ready.  This book will only help you be better DBA and Developer.

SQL Central, Jeff Moden, Dissecting SQL Server Execution Plans

http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Book+Reviews/69019/

Amazon, SQL Server Execution Plans

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1906434026?ie=UTF8&tag=dkranchnet&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=1906434026

SQL Central, Red Gate, EBook

http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/books/65831/?utm_source=ssc&utm_medium=weblink&utm_content=Grant&utm_campaign=sqltoolbelt

This post is cross posted on my SQLCAN Blog, MSDN Blog, and SQL server Consultation blog.

Mohit General topics

How to get orphaned login for all databases?


Following script gives you all user database users, that do not have a server login mapped or where database user name does not match server login name. This is follow up post to How get all users and their role mappings from all databases? I posted few days ago.

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM tempdb.sys.tables WHERE name like '#Output%')
   DROP TABLE #Output
GO

CREATE TABLE #Output (DatabaseName VARCHAR(255), UserLoginSID varbinary(128), ServerLoginName VARCHAR(255), DatabaseUserName VARCHAR(255), UserType VARCHAR(50))
GO

sp_msforeachdb '
INSERT INTO #Output
SELECT  ''?''
      , DP.sid
      , SP.name
      , DP.name
      , DP.type_desc
  FROM sys.database_principals DP
  LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals SP
    ON DP.sid = SP.sid
 WHERE DP.type_desc IN (''SQL_USER'',''WINDOWS_USER'')
   AND DP.sid IS NOT NULL'
GO

  SELECT *
    FROM #Output
   WHERE ServerLoginName IS NULL
      OR ServerLoginName <> DatabaseUserName
ORDER BY DatabaseName, ServerLoginName
GO

This post is cross posted on my SQLCAN Blog, MSDN Blog, and SQL server Consultation blog.

Mohit SQL Server 2012, SQL Server 2014, SQL Server 2016

Changing @@SERVERNAME causes SQL Server Backups to Fail for AlwaysOn Availability Group


One of customers changed the value returned from @@SERVERNAME.  SQL Server works no problem, however an unexpected behavior appeared.  Changing the value for @@SERVERNAME, caused the backups to fail.

Looking at the maintenance jobs, found all jobs completed successfully and without issues.  However, upon looking at the database’s statics it states no backups completed.

image

Because the database in question is part of AlwaysOn Availability Group (AG); SQL Server executes sys.fn_hadr_backup_is_preferred_replica to determine if the backup should take place on the current node.  However, it returns value of 0 for all databases, if the preferred replica is set.  Because, the script makes a check that is running on the server that is preferred.  It does this by comparing the value to @@SERVERNAME to value of replica_server_name in sys.availability_replicas.  Because value will never match, it skips the database on both primary and secondary replica.

I have created a Microsoft Connect article (link); asking this little bit of information to be added to Books Online article (link).  There was a request submitted by Ola Hallengren (Blog | Twitter), which was closed as Won’t Fix (link).   Please vote!

This post is cross posted on my SQLCAN Blog, MSDN Blog, and SQL server Consultation blog.

Mohit Administration

sys.foreign_keys does not have matching row in sys.indexes


Running DBCC CHECKDB you are getting following error message:

Check Catalog Msg 3853, State 1: Attribute (referenced_object_id=194099732,key_index_id=7) of row (object_id=2040565179) in sys.foreign_keys does not have a matching row (object_id=194099732,index_id=7) in sys.indexes

This error means, that Unique key constraint (index_id 7) in the primary table (object_id 194099732) is missing, which was referenced by child table’s FK constraint (FK object_id 2040565179).  This should not happen, SQL Server will not allow you to drop a constraint that is referenced by FK.  If attempted should get following error message:

Msg 3723, Level 16, State 6, Line 1
An explicit DROP INDEX is not allowed on index ‘dbo.a.NonClusteredIndex-20151119-085219’. It is being used for FOREIGN KEY constraint enforcement.

So if we are suppose to get errors? Why do we have corruption; simple answer, someone be making updates to system tables directly, which is not allowed or supported!

Actually we are not able to update system tables in SQL Server 2005+ (ref), however in SQL 2000 days, we had setting called allow updates in sp_configure options.  Also supported by the KB2787112.

So question is how do you fix it?

First, identify the child table name from sys.foreign_keys:

SELECT object_name(parent_object_id) AS TableName
  FROM sys.foreign_keys
WHERE name = ‘FK_b_a’

Second, script our constraint definition:

  1. Find the table, we got in SQL Statement above.
  2. Go to Keys.
  3. Right click on FK constraint name.
  4. Script Key As.
  5. Create To.
  6. New Query Window.

Third, drop the FK constraint:

ALTER TABLE [schema].[tablename] DROP CONSTRAINT [fk_constraint_name]

Fourth, Re-create the constraint, with script generated in Step 2.

If it was issue of someone playing around in system tables, this should resolve it.  However, if you get error similar to below:

Msg 1776, Level 16, State 0, Line 1
There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table ‘dbo.a’ that match the referencing column list in the foreign key ‘FK_b_a’.

This means, that the key is missing in parent table and appropriate index needs be created before FK constraint can be created.  Since SQL doesn’t allow the index to be dropped there most likely are other corruption issues that have gone unnoticed.  If that is an issue, you will have to rely on your backups for recovery.

This post is cross posted on my SQLCAN Blog, MSDN Blog, and SQL server Consultation blog.